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About Barium  Chemical element, Ba, with atomic number 56 and atomic weight of 137.34. The barium occupies the eighteenth place in abundance in the terrestrial bark where is in 0.04%, intermediate value among the calcium and the strontium, the other metals alcalinotérreos. Those made up of barium are obtained of the mining and for conversion of two barium minerals. The barita, or barium sulfate, is the main mineral and it contains 65.79% of barium oxide. The witherita, sometimes called heavy esparto, it is barium carbonate and it contains 72% of barium oxide. The metal isolated him for the first time Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 for electrolysis. In the industry they only get ready small quantities for reduction of barium oxide with aluminum in big retorts. The metal is used in alloys barium-nickel for spark plug wires (the barium increases the capacity of emission of the alloy) and in the metal of Frary that is a lead alloy, barium and calcium that it is used instead of the metal Babbitt because it can be modeled. The metal reacts more easily than the strontium and the calcium with the water, but less than the sodium; it is oxidized to the air and form quickly a movie protector that avoids that it follows the reaction, but in humid air it can become inflamed. The metal is chemically the quite active thing to react with most of the non metals. The metal is ductile and malleable; the recently cut pieces have a lustrous gray-white appearance. The soft barita (easy to mill) it is preferred in the factory of those made up of barium, but crystalline varieties can be used. The raw barita is milled and it mixes with powder of coal. The mixture calcines in a rotational oven of reduction; the barium sulfate decreases to I sulfurate of barium or black ash. The black ash consists of about 70% of I sulfurate of barium and it talks to hot water to make a solution that serves as departure material in the factory of many other compounds. The lipoton, a white powder that consists of 20% of barium sulfate, 30% of I sulfurate of zinc and less than 3% of oxide of zinc, it is used in wide form as pigment in white paintings. The fixed target is used in the factory of coloring brilliant. It is the best grade of barium sulfate for pigment in paintings. Because of the great absorption of rays X for the barium, the sulfate is good to cover the alimentary canal in x-ray, to increase the contrast. The barium carbonate is useful in the industry of the ceramic to prevent the eflorescencia in clays for pottery. It is also used as glaze in pottery, in optic glass and I eat poison for rats. The barium chloride is used in the purification of salt, in the factory of chloride and hidróxido of sodium, as founds you in alloys of magnesium, as tenderizer of water of boilers and in medicinal preparations. The barium nitrate, call also barita salitre, is used in pyrotechnics and luminous signs (it produces green color) and a little less in medicinal preparations. The barium oxide, well-known as barita, or roasted barita, it is used as drying agent in the industry and in the hardening of steels. The barium peroxide is used in occasions as agent bleach. The barium cromato, chromium lemon or yellow chromium, are used in yellow pigments and matches of security. The barium chlorate is used in pyrotechnics. The acetate and barium cyanide their they use in the industry like chemical reagent and in metallurgy, respectively. Baritina, also barita, mineral variety of the sulfate of anhydrous barium (BaSO4); it is the main mineral ore of barium. It is part of a group of natural sulfates that he/she understands the celestita (strontium sulfate, SrSO4), the anglesita (lead sulfate, PbSO4) and the anhidrita (sulfate of calcium, CaSO4). it is especially near the celestita, because there is a complete chemical series that goes from BaSO4 to SrSO4, although the natural minerals are usually near the ends of this series. The baritina has shine between vitreous and pearly and it is usually colorless or white, although there are varieties of yellow, brown, reddish, gray, greenish and blue color. The glasses, between transparent and opaque, belong to the system ortorrómbico and they are usually tabulares. They also grow in form of thin divergent badges that unite in some attachés of rooster crest. Although there are glasses with quality of gems, they are only carved for collectors, because they are damaged easily; he/she has a hardness of only 3 at 3,5. The relative density (I weigh specific) it is of 4,48, discharge for a non metallic mineral; this characteristic is reflected in the name that comes from the Greek barus, 'heavy.' The baritina is broadly distributed and it is usually in metal-bearing reefs associated with fewer of lead, silver, copper and other minerals. It is also presented like I stuff of cavities in limestone and other sedimentary rocks, in residual loamy deposits formed by meteorización of calcareous and I eat concretions in some gritty ones; in this case he/she can give place to spectacular structures in form of called roseta 'roses of desert'. there are considerable deposits in England (mainly in Derbyshire), United States, Rumania, Germany and Italy. The economic applications of the baritina derive of their properties: inert, white and relatively heavy. It is used as component of paintings, glasses and enamels and in the production of stuccoed papers, linoleum, rubber, plastics and synthetic resins. But their main application is in the industry of the petroleum, because blended with mud it forms a pasta of high density that is used to lubricate the drills with those that the wells are perforated. |